SECTION 1 Questions 1-14
Questions 1-6
Complete the sentences below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the text for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.
1. Using the washing machine where it’s too cold can affect its controls and can damage its _________.
2. ____________ installed for protection of the washing machine should be removed before the washing machine is first run.
3. It’s important to ensure adequate _____________ is provided under a washing machine.
4. Poorly attached drain lines can result in ______________.
5. If the _______________ is used properly in the washing machine, de-scalling should
6. How much laundry is put into the machine not only affects how much water is used, but also the __________.
.
Instructions for your New Washing Machine
Keep these instructions in a safe place for future reference. Should the appliance be sold, transferred or moved, make sure the instruction manual accompanies the washing machine to inform the new owner as to its operation and features.
Young children should not be allowed to touch the machine or play with its controls. They should be supervised when the machine is in operation. Older children may use the machine if they have been instructed how to use it and if they are aware of the dangers of misuse.
Your new washing machine should not be installed in a place where temperatures may drop below 0° Celsius or the functioning of the electronic controls may not work properly and water hoses may burst or split. The washing machine should also not be installed in an outdoor environment, not even when the area is sheltered, because it may be very dangerous to leave it exposed to rain and thunderstorms.
Before first use, ensure that the protective transit bars have been removed from the back of your new machine. If they are still there during operation, it can result in damage to your machine. Levelling your appliance correctly will provide it with stability and avoid any vibrations, noise and shifting during operation. If it placed on a fitted or loose carpet, adjust the feet in such a way as to allow enough room for ventilation beneath the washing machine.
Ensure that you carefully read the washing labels on all items to be washed in your new washing machine. These labels on your garments will help you to keep your garments looking their best. This will prevent any accidents happening to your possessions.
If you leave your new washing machine for any length of time, make sure that you turn off the machine’s stopcock.
If the drain line of your new washing machine is placed in a wash basin, make sure that water can drain away fast enough to avoid flooding. Ensure too that the drain line is secure or the force of the water exiting it may dislodge its position, which also can result in flooding. Make sure there are no kinks or bends in the drain line. The length of any extension to the drain line must have the same diameter as the original and must not exceed 150 cm in length.
Check all items placed into your new washing machine for coins, nails, paper, tissues and other similar things, as they may clog or break the machinery.
Correct use of detergent will avoid the need for descaling, but if it’s necessary, it’s important to use one of the suggested de-scaling agents given at the end of this booklet and follow the agent’s instructions carefully.
Any items pre-washed in solvent-based agents should be carefully rinsed in cold water before being washed in your new washing machine.
The first time you use your new washing machine, make sure it’s empty.
Water and energy consumption are linked to the size of your laundry load. To exploit your new washing machine at its full potential, always fill your machine with the maximum dry load for the programme you have chosen.
Questions 7-11
Answer the questions below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the text for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 7-11 on your answer sheet.
7 Where does non-recyclable rubbish end up?
8 What should householders be careful not to leave in their bio-waste?
9 Where should rubbish bins be left for rubbish removal?
10 what will the bulky rubbish collectors not pick up?
11 How will people be able to spend their credit in the recycling rewards programme?
Re: Rubbish Collection in your Area
Dear Householder,
In order to help protect our environment, your local town council has set itself certain targets regarding rubbish collection and recycling. We hope to reduce the amount of non-recyclable waste that we send to landfill sites and increase recycling. In order to reach our targets, we ask householders to divide their rubbish up by type. We have delivered differently colored rubbish bins with instruction to each house in the area. All you need to do is to put your rubbish into the correct bin and leave the bins out on the correct day for collection.
Collection Days for your Area
Bio-waste* Every Wednesday
Glass and metal Every other Thursday
Plastics Every other Thursday
Non-recyclable waste Every Friday
*Bio-waste is burned to generate power. Because of this, please ensure no plastic is in your bio-waste or the fumes from it burning will pollute the air.
Collections will take place before 10 a.m. Rubbish bins ought to be put out on the pavement the night before the collection, but they must be returned to your property within 24 hours.
The Community-recycling Centre
Sometimes people will have rubbish that they want to dispose of before a collection. Your local town council has a community-recycling centre, where most of your rubbish can be dropped off. Non-household waste can also be disposed of here, but a small charge will be applicable. Household waste comprises of the unwanted contents of the house that are not part of the house itself. Construction waste includes items from the repair or improvement of houses (e.g DIY type waste), as well as waste created from landscaping or garden alterations. If you want to use the community-recycling centre, please take some identification with you to prove you live in the local area. This can include anything that displays your name and address.
Bulky Items
We will collect bulky household waste that will not fit into your bin. This service is free, but must be booked online in advance. You can book up to six household items per collection. If you have more than six items, you will need to book another collection once the first one is finished, or take the items to the council’s Re-Use centre. The bulky service does not collect any building waste. You can get rid of some materials free of charge at the council’s Re-Use Centre, but there may be a fee for others.
Recycling Rewards Programme
Your local town council is also developing a local recycling rewards programme that will allow local residents to accrue reward points. These points can be used to join a local rebate scheme with residents able to redeem their rewards using prepaid cards. The scheme will involve ideas such as residents ensuring unused food goes to the homeless rather than just being thrown away.
Questions 12-14
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the advertisement for Blackstone Solicitors?
In boxes 12-14 on your answer sheet write:
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
12 Blackstone Solicitors has a fixed price of only £50 for the first meeting with one of their solicitors.
13 Blackstone Solicitors specialize in helping people move overseas.
14 New customers can take advantage of introductory offers.
BLACKSTONE SOLICITORS Do you need expert legal advice?
Blackstone Solicitors will provide you with the highest quality legal services at highly competitive prices.
Experts in conveyance, wills, probate, power of attorney, migration and family law.
Over 30 years experience
Free initial consultation
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No hidden charges
Discounts for over 65’s
24-hour helpline
We can also provide teams to provide services related to corporate, private client, argument resolution, employment and property. We can guide businesses or individuals with regards to setting up businesses in this country and overseas and we can provide advice on hiring overseas staff, relocations, wealth management and taxation. Call us now or visit our website for more details. Repeat clients can take advantage of discounted rates.
www.blackstonesolicitors.com
0800 7382435
SECTION 2
Questions 15-20
Complete the notes below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 15-20 on your answer sheet.
NEW ZEALAND BUSINESS STRUCTURES
Sole Traders
The owner is the business, but can take on employees.
Owner wholly responsible for (15) ___________, business operations and profits.
Good way to start due to less red tape-owner and business are the (16) ____________.
Separate business account not needed (though keep financial records for 5 years).
A lot fewer administration payments (you can pay your own superannuation through).
Partnerships
2 or more people combine assets, and share profits and losses.
All aspects of a partnership summarized in a partnership agreement.
If a partner is (17) ____________, the other is responsible for all debts.
Companies
Separate from shareholders-creates limited liability (unless shareholder takes part in running the company and is doing so poorly).
Moneylenders often the only offer loans when there is a personal guarantee.
Shareholder income is subject to different (19) ______________.
Companies must declare various company details at the Companies Office.
Complications can arise when an owing member leaves the business; previously agreed (20) ____________ can help with not having to dissolve the company.
Starting a Business in New Zealand-Types of Structures
Did you know there are few different ways you can structure your business? It’s possible to do business in New Zealand under one of three basic types of business structure. Each offers varying degrees of control and responsibility.
Sole Traders
If you’re a sole trader, your business is built around you. The entire operation relies on you, but you can still employ others to help you. You’re 100% accountable for your business’ liabilities, but you also retain full control of the business and profits. Many small business owners start out as sole traders, because sole traders aren’t required to spend money following any formal or legal processes to establish their business, unlike companies. This is because sole traders and their businesses are considered to be the same legal entity. Being a sole trader, you don’t require a separate business bank account, unlike a company structure. You can use your personal bank account but must keep financial records for at least five years. If you’re a sole trader without employees, there is no obligation to pay payroll tax, superannuation contributions or workers’ compensation insurance on income you draw from the business. You can choose to make voluntary superannuation contributions yourself though.
Partnerships
A partnership is when two or more people or entities join together to pool their assets and divide profits and liabilities in a business. They often bring different skills to the table and varying resources, with the division of profits and liabilities-in addition to individual roles and responsibilities-outlined in partnership agreement. Individuals are liable for their own debts and you can also be liable for business debts incurred by your partners if they become insolvent. Because partnerships entail more than one person in the decision-making process, it’s important to discuss a wide variety of issues upfront and develop partnerships agreement. This should document how future business decisions will be made, including how the partners will divide profits, resolve disputes, change ownership (bring in new partners or buy out current partners) and how to dissolve the partnership. Although they are not legally required, they are strongly recommended and it is considered extremely risky to operate without one.
Companies
Companies are separate legal entities to their shareholders. This provides shareholders with limited liability from any of the business’ debts beyond the value of their shares in the company. However, if a shareholder is involved in the running of the business (as a director, for example), and he or she is found to have traded recklessly, fraudulently or not in the company’s best interests, they can still be liable. Most financial lenders will also only give business loan in an exchange for a personal guarantee overriding limited liability. Shareholder dividends undergo taxation at a different rate to the company itself. All companies have to declare their director and shareholder details by registering for incorporation with the Companies Office. When an owning ‘member’ leaves a company, the business is dissolved and the members must fulfill all the remaining legal and business obligations to close the business. The remaining members can decide if they want to start a new company or part ways. However, you can include provisions in your operating agreement to prolong the life of the company if member decides to leave the business.
Questions 21-27
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text?
In boxes 21-27 on your answer sheet write:
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
21 All company expenses can be returned at the end of every three months.
22 Some reimbursement from the company could be classed and taxed as additional salary.
23 Employees can claim for food when staying at a hotel on a company business.
24 Employees can only claim for using their car when the company cars are not available.
25 Employees can be paid back some money back on their own home Internet connection if they use it sometimes for work purposes.
26 Employees cannot be repaid taxi expenses for their customers when entertaining
27 No expenses can be paid without production of the relevant receipt.
Company Expenses-Information for Employees
Expenses are paid back to employees every quarter. Fill out digitally the expenses form, which is available in the company forms section on the shared drive of your computer. Send the expenses form to your line manager by email. Take all relevant receipts for your expenses and place them in an envelope, which you must give to your line manager. Make sure your name and date references are on the outside of the envelope. Please keep a digital copy of the form that you send your line manager. We do not expect you to shoulder a financial burden for us. If you find that you are paying out of your own pocket more money than your personal finances can deal with, please get in contact with your line manager immediately and he/she will ensure that you are repaid immediately. When an expense is reimbursed, the Department of Taxation must be satisfied that the expense is allowable for tax purposes. If not, repayment from an employer is treated as extra taxable income. Please consult your line manager or the finance department if you are not sure before you buy something you think will be returnable expense. Tax law is continually changing, so again please consult the updated company guidelines available on the company intranet.
Travel
You can claim expenses for all your legitimate business travel, including when you travel to a temporary workplace. Examples of items you can claim for while on company business:
Travel on planes, buses, ferries and taxis
Parking, congestion charges, travel tolls
Hotel bills and meals there
Subsistence expenses (such as dining away from your usual workplace)
An amount per kilometer using your own vehicle-this amount charge periodically
$30 incidental expenses per day on day trips
$60 incidental expenses per day on overnight trips
You cannot claim expenses for travel to and from your living place and usual office location.
Telephones and Internet
If you ever use your home phone and mobile for company business, you can claim the cost of these calls. You cannot claim the cost of rental or contract respectively, as this will be treated as a benefit in kind on which you will pay tax. If you use your own Internet connection, then you may only claim a proportion of the bill based on your company usage.
Entertainment
This can be a problematic area for the company when we make deductions against corporation tax. Expenses related to entertaining are allowed if they meet the following criteria:
You are entering customers and potential customers
None of your family or friends is present
If the entertaining is not just a social event.
You may be asked for details of any entertaining you claim for, so please try and acquire invoices from any items for which you plan to claim. The company can reimburse you for some expenses without proof of payment, but we try and keep this to a minimum.
SECTION 3 Questions 28-40
Read the following passage and answer Questions 28-40.
The Alvarez Hypothesis
In 1980, Luis and Walter Alvarez offered their meteorite impact theory after examining research sites around the world. Their hypothesis suggested that the mass extinction of the dinosaurs was caused by the impact of a large meteorite on Earth about sixty-five million years ago.
Meteorites are lumps of stony or metallic material that were parts of asteroids. Meteorites commonly collide with Earth, but the majority are destroyed in the impact with the Earth’s atmosphere. Asteroids are planetary bodies or objects that revolve around the Sun and most are found in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Some meteorites survive after entering the Earth’s atmosphere and impact on the Earth’s surface. The Alvarez Hypothesis theorises that a meteorite the size of San Francisco, travelling faster than a bullet, slammed into Earth sixty-five million years ago. The impact delivered a destructive blast thousands of time more powerful than the combined yield of all the world’s nuclear weapons, setting off earthquakes greater than eleven in magnitude and widespread tsunamis, and shrouding the globe for years in a thick cocoon of sky-blackening dust and debris. This cataclysm effectively ended the reign of the dinosaurs and opened the door for the ascension of mammals.
The story began in Gubbio, Italy, a tiny village halfway between Rome and Florence, where geologists Luis and Walter Alvarez were collecting samples of limestone rock for a paleomagnetism study. The limestone outside of Gubbio, which was once below the sea, provides total geological evidence of the end of the Cretaceous period and the beginning of the Tertiary period. This time span is sometimes referred to as “Great Dying”, because a massive extinction claimed nearly seventy-five per cent of all the species of life on our planet, including in addition to the dinosaurs, most types of plants and many types of microscopic organisms. Luis and Walter Alvarez found that forming a distinct boundary between the limestone of the two periods was a thin layer of red clay. Immediately below this clay boundary, the Cretaceous limestone was heavily populated with a wide mix of the fossils of tiny marine creatures. Above the clay layer, in the Tertiary limestone, however, only the fossils of a single marine species could be seen. The clay layer itself contained no marine fossils at all.
The two geologists consulted two nuclear chemists in Berkley, who had developed a technique called neutron activation analysis.This enabled precise measurements of very low concentrations of elements. Luis Alvarez believed that neutron activation analysis would help determine how long it took for the clay layer to form. To the amazement of everyone involved, the measurements showed that the clay layer was about six hundred times richer in iridium than the surrounding limestone. Iridium, a silvery-white metallic element related to platinum, is virtually absent from the Earth’s crust, but high concentrations are common in extraterrestrial objects such as asteroids. These same iridium were results subsequently also discovered in clay layers at locations in Denmark and New Zealand, and later dozens of other sites around the world where the geological record of the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundaries is also complete. These iridium-spiked layers of clay also contained an abundance of soot.
The four scientists published their paper, Extraterrestrial Cause for the Cretaceous-Tertiary Extinction”. This paper was immediately resisted by scientific critics, who argued that volcanic eruptions were behind the demise of the dinosaurs and cited as evidence the thousands of miles of volcanic rock in an area of India known as the Deccan Traps. However, that the argument was weakened b two subsequent findings. First, there was discovery of shocked quartz along with the iridium and soot in clay in the clay layer samples from around the world, which could only been produced in the heat and violence of a titanic smash. Second came the discovery in 1991 of the scene of the titanic smash-the Chicxulub crater. This meteorite impact was thought to have caused the broken up quartz. The Chicxulub crater is a 180-kilometer-wide, 20 kilometer deep impact crater off the northern coast of the Yucatan peninsula in the Gulf of Mexico that is buried a kilometer deep. The discovery of this impact site answered critics of the Alvarez Hypothesis who’d been demanding to know: if an asteroid impact killed dinosaurs, where’s the crater?
The Chicxulub crater was explored by drilling over two months. The crater nowadays is buried beneath a thousand meters of sediment. Under this is a layer of what is known as impact breccia’s and then a deposit of the impact melt. Beneath that is the rock that was needed to be brought to surface for research. The rock was shown to be made of anhydrite, which is mineral that, if it were vaporized in an impact event, would produce that particular gases that could alter the Earth’s weather.
The question of why the dinosaurs died out is still not definitely answered. Sixty-five million years ago is a large age gap to find conclusive evidence. Today, most scientists agree with the Alvarez Hypothesis and that the Earth was indeed struck by the large meteorite at the end of the Cretaceous period. Whether this was the actual reason the dinosaurs died out or whether it was only a contributing factor will probably never be proved.
Questions 28-34
Choose the correct letter A, B, C, or D
Write the correct letter in boxes 28-34 on your answer sheet.
28 Most meteorites colliding with Earth
A usually have trajectories that head towards the sun
B are broken up when they enter the Earth’s atmosphere.
C are usually found beyond farthest planet.
D lost their power to threaten Earth millions of years ago
29 The Alvarez Hypothesis theorized that the impact of the meteorite
A triggered a nuclear explosion
B was preceded by a series of earthquake
C had no effect on sea life
D darkened the sky of the Earth.
30 Gubbio was a good place to research for Luis and Walter Alvarez, because
A it was close to where they lived.
B the area had a strong magnetic field.
C rock there provides a complete geological record of the relevant time frame.
D it is close to the sea.
31 “The Great Dying” was a time when
A all life on Earth was wiped out.
B almost three-quarters of life on Earth was wiped out.
C only plants were left alive on Earth
D only a few dinosaurs were left alive
32 The thin layer of red clay found by Luis and Walter Alvarez
A was colored by the decay of the limestone on either side.
B had no fossils from the sea
C contained only a few dinosaur fossils.
D was a record of the first few million years of the Tertiary period.
33 The surprise from the neutron activation analysis results was
A how exact the measurements were.
B how fast the clay layer took to form
C how slow the clay layer took to form
D how high the levels of a certain element were
34 Samples around the world from the same time period also showed
A uneven results of iridium.
B the Cretaceous period ended at different times around the world.
C high levels of soot
D similar fossil records
Questions 35-37
Complete each sentence with the correct ending (A-F) below.
Write the correct letter (A-F) in an answer boxes 35-37 on your answer sheet.
35 The paper that was published on the Alvarez Hypothesis
36 The impact of the meteorite 65 million years ago
37 The site of the Chicxulub crater.
A was not published until some time later.
B was discovered after the initial publication of the Alvarez Hypothesis.
C was initially preferred to the theory of Volcanic eruptions killing the dinosaurs.
D was not accepted at once by fellow scientists.
E was replaced by soot in some research sites around the world.
F was later thought to be responsible for the broken up quartz in the rock samples.
Questions 38-40
Label the diagram below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the text for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 38-40 on your answer sheet.